普惠金融视角下可持续的农村信用体系建设路径探索与研究--以亳州市利辛县为例

普惠金融的核心内涵是让社会各阶层,特别是弱势群体和低收入人群能拥有享受各种金融服务的机会。以亳州市利辛县农村信用体系建设在发展普惠金融、支持金融扶贫中的效用为着力点,阐述信用体系对于优化信贷分配、减少信贷歧视和不公、解决贫困和社会公平的意义,分析其中存在的困难,并有针对性地提出普惠金融中农村信用体系建设的路径和方向。     

地理区位、农户特征与贫困分布——基于西海固720个农户的分析

地理区位、农户特征是决定贫困分布的重要因素。本文以宁夏西海固8个国家扶贫工作重点县72个观察村的720个农户资料为样本数据,按照地理区位和农户特征为标志对贫困指标进行分解研究,以观察贫困人口分布状况,分析贫困机理,从微观上制定具体的扶贫措施。研究发现,地理区位和农户特征决定了农户贫困规模和程度的差异性,这种差异性是确定西海固农村扶贫开发对象和重点的参考依据。     

基于贫困人口发展的旅游扶贫效应评估--以安徽省铜锣寨风景区为例

本文以安徽省铜锣寨风景区旅游扶贫开发为例，基于旅游扶贫开发对贫困人口的经济影响和非经济影响，从实际效应——贫困人口在旅游扶贫开发中实际受益和发展情况，感知效应——贫困人口对景区旅游业发展及由此产生的生活变化的感知和态度，效应的可持续性3个方面对旅游扶贫效应中贫困人口的受益和发展情况进行评估。     

求解农村教育权利贫困的经济法进路

解决农村贫困是我国新世纪反贫困战略的重点,制约农村发展的真正因素是农村教育权利贫困。农村教育权利贫困的形成主要是制度上的原因,而且导致农村在贫困中恶性循环。因此必须导入经济法的理念和完善经济法律制度,公平配置教育资源,保障农民享有充分的受教育机会,实现社会实质平等和维护社会整体利益。     

中国农村反贫困指标评价新体系的构造

从中国国情出发,中国农村反贫困效益应由生态效益指标、经济效益指标、社会效益指标组成。在遵循综合性、可行性和易操作性的原则下,在借鉴现行中国农村反贫困效益指标的基础上,增加生态、生活福利等指标,才能成为较完整的中国农村反贫困效益指标体系。     

全球化与城市贫困:基于中部六省的实证分析

在经济全球化背景下,我国经济获得了长足的发展,与此同时,城市贫困问题也日趋严重。本文以我国中部6省为研究对象,从收入和消费两个维度,估计了一个包含贸易和外国直接投资(FDI)变量的贫困决定函数,实证分析了贸易和FDI对城市贫困的影响,着重检验了其中的非线性关系和“门槛效应”。研究表明,贸易和FDI对于贫困人口有着不同的影响;FDI流入与贫困变化之间存在着非线性关系,表明全球化只有达到一定水平后才会使穷人受益。     

Youth Poverty,Employment, and Leaving the Parental Home in Europe

This paper studies the nature of youth poverty dynamics in Europe. First, it analyzes to what extent experiencing poverty in a given period is in itself positively related to the probability of living below the poverty line again in the future. That is, we assess the degree of poverty genuine state dependence among young people. Second, we study the interrelationships between poverty, employment, and residential emancipation. The results show that youth poverty genuine state dependence is positive and highly significant, but this scarring effect is short‐lived in Scandinavia compared to Southern or Continental Europe. Moreover, although we find a strong association between poverty and leaving home in Nordic countries, time spent in economic hardship does not last long. On the contrary, in Spain and Italy, young adults tend to leave their parental home much later in order to avoid falling into a poverty state that is more persistent.     

Decomposing Poverty Change: Deciphering Change in Total Population and Beyond

In the understanding of decomposing poverty change, the growth effect of mean income is replaced with the growth effect of total income and the impact of change in total population. These two, along with changes in inequality, form the three broader effects that can be computed in multiple ways depending upon the base period and the sequence of calculation. Changing the base does not alter the broader effects while specific attributions within each effect get interchanged. For a given base, there will be six possible sequences and we take an average of these to compute the three broad effects. Finally, poverty change on account of the three broad effects comprising growth of total income, change in inequality, and change in total population are shown as part of the within‐group effect while change in population shares, which is different from change in total population, is a between‐group effect. We provide empirical illustrations with data from India.     

Decomposing Vulnerability to Poverty

This paper applies the decomposition of the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty index to the measurement of individual vulnerability to poverty. I highlight that poverty risk can be expressed as a function of expected incidence, expected intensity, and expected variability below the poverty line, three essential aspects for improving the design of appropriate risk‐management policies. An empirical illustration is provided using the British Household Panel Survey and the Italian Survey on Household Income and Wealth.     

A Proposal to Compare Consistently the Inequality Among the Poor

A poverty index should be sensitive to the number of poor people, the extent of the shortfall of the poor, and the inequality among the poor. A difficulty arises when inequality among the poor needs to be assessed. The inequality may be analyzed in terms of either incomes or gaps. Depending on what side we focus on, the inequality level comparisons may be contradictory. This paper proposes a reinterpretation of the inequality component involved in the decompositions of well‐known poverty indices. The alternative indices we introduce measure equally the income and gap inequality among the poor. The comparisons in inequality as measured by these indices are then independent of the viewpoint. An empirical application illustrates the proposal.